russian forces have stepped up their assault on the salt mining town of soledar east of ukraine. russia has taken control of much of the town, blocking a key ukrainian supply line. heads of state of the u.s., canada, and mexico have held wide-ranging talks at the north american leaders summit. the u.s. president, candace justin trudeau and the mexican president have been meeting in mexico city.

immigration, climate change and trade were on the agenda. pres. biden: we are working together to take on the scourge of human smuggling and illegal drug trafficking. in just the last six months, our joint patrols in mexico have resulted in arresting more than 7000, 7000 human smugglers. we have seized more than 20,000 pounds of deadly fennel at the border. anchor: perry's government has word a curfew in the southern region after 17 people were killed during protest on monday, the most violent day since unrest began in december after the former president was removed from office. brazil's supreme court has ordered the arrest of the man in charge of public security in the capital when government building were stormed on sunday. he's currently in the u.s. and was removed from office after the riots. he served as justice minister under former president jair

bolsonaro. a pacific storm continues to batter california eight day after flooding in mudslide risks forced evacuations of thousands. more than 34 million people are under flood warnings. austria's supreme court has dropped a terrorism case against a well-known professor of egyptian origin following an al jazeera documentary. he was charged in november of two thousand 20. al jazeera revealed the charges were fabricated. police in germany are removing clement activists who gathered near a coal mine. thousands of climate activists forced human chains and staged a student. those are your headlines. inside story is coming up next. ♪

anchor: the attack on brazil's congress by supporters of a former president has raised questions about democracy. how much band-aids should governments have of they won by a tiny margin and what does it mean for two-party systems? this is inside story. welcome to the program. brazil's newly elected president , is facing a mountain of challenges left by his predecessor. the storming of government buildings in the capital on sunday has slowly that has made

security one of the most pressing issues. president lula accused his generals of not doing enough to prevent the rampage of the presidential palace, commerce -- congress, and supreme court. several world leaders have expressed support for president lula by condemning the attack. resilience still have not spoken out. tens of thousands of people have held rallies demonstrating on what they call an attack on democracy. first, this report from sao paulo. reporter: the first public response to a very public attempt to undermine brazil's democratic institutions. many thousands of people gathered in sao paulo, that country's most populous city to repudiate sunday's assault on the presidential pallet, supreme court, and congress buildings in the capital, brasilia. like almost everyone here, she blames the former president,

whom she believes was the mastermind of the attack. >> he must be jailed for all the things he's done in this country. he promoted militias, attacks on the amazon, blacks, gays and now this. never again. reporter: earlier, police detained and began questioning more than 1500 pro-bolsonaro activists suspected of taking part in the assault. the camp had been set up eight months earlier and has been demolished. they echoed bolsonaro's unfounded claims that fraud stole the election last year. the justice miniatures as the culprits were hoping to inspire a nationwide revolt that failed in their attempt to overthrow president lula da silva, who had been sworn in just a week earlier. >> we have witnessed a brazilian version of the u.s. capitol attack but with two differences

-- first, no one died. secondly, we have more people under arrest here that in the u.s. and very quickly. reporter: the investigation into who financed and led the raids is just beginning. >> we believe many big business interests paid for the coo mongers to come to brasilia. they need to be punished. reporter: demonstrators wanted to show the president is not alone. >> they are singing the favorite chant in favor of lula and calling for the imprisonment of the former president, bolsonaro. they are saying they will not tolerate amnesty for the people who have been arrested, who they are calling terrorists. but the justice minister says there's no possibility of extraditing the former president from the united states, where he is right now, because he has not been charged with anything, at least not yet.

whether the newly installed president of latin america's largest democracy will be strengthened or weakened by an unprecedented attack is still far from clear. hashem: brazil is not the only country that has seen a rise in far right inspired attacks against his democratic institutions. one of the most prominent was in the united states on january the sixth, 2000 one. more than 2000 supporters of former president donald trump forced their way into the capitol building, saying the 2020 election was stolen. in it germany last month, authorities said they disrupted a plot to overthrow the government. dozens of members of a far right group are arrested and coordinated police rates. and in spain, a far right party has become the third-largest buccal force in parliament,

challenging the traditional two-party system. for more on this, i'm joined by our guests here in the studio. the author and professor of complete resolution at george mason university and a professor of political science and head of the far right observatory in brazil. in london, we are joined by a professor of international politics. he's the author of foundations of -- this is one of the biggest attacks on government buildings since the fall of the country's military dictatorship in 1985. how significant the stuff we have seen on tv about those people storming government buildings? guest: thank you for having me.

this is actually the first big attack on brazilian physical institutions, the buildings of the supreme court, congress and presidential palace as well. i think it is a combination of two forces that bolsonaro has helped grow in brazil. the first one is a very strong far right movement represented by paulsen aro and his supporters, a movement that has become more and more radicalized. bolsonaro has transformed brazil into a laboratory for extremist ideas and tactics over the last four years. most of what we saw on sunday is an emulation of things that have happened in the united states, for example, and in other parts of the world thanks to far right ideologies. we also have a very brazilian element to that, which is brazil's militaristic past. we see a lot of elderly in

brazil who believe the best times of their lives was under military rule back in the 1960's and 70's. even though this is misleading because dictatorships are intrinsically problematic, they seem to want a government ruled by the military with bolsonaro as the chief leader of the country. i think it is a problem because even though it was not a coup properly, it signals to a very strong anti-democratic leaning on the part of several bolsonaro supporters, hundreds or thousands who want the buildings on sunday. hashem: who is to blame for the attack? guest: if we look at the three cases, brazil, germany, and the

united states, i think one of the deep-rooted causes is the fear among these right-wingers that they are losing social status. in the united states, longing for the return or at least trump would have stayed another four years because he was their political savior. he is the one boosting their morale. if we look at the other side of the coin, i see that white folks, the wasps, are fearing the triumph of these minorities. they are against multiculturalism, they are against social diversity, ethnic diversity. so i look at the white right wing as a collective action movement positioning itself beyond the boundaries of democracy. in other words, if we translate what happened in brazil two days ago, it is a contestation of the ballots, the rule of the game.

therefore it is more of a reactionary attitude of these right-wingers then any visionary or rational sense. hashem: many would say that if there is anyone to blame, is definitely going to be air ball said are, for the simple reason is this is someone who spread false like -- false accusations about brazil's system, saying it is vulnerable to fraud. he did not unequivocally acknowledge his defeat. he left the country on inauguration day, so this is the man who should be held accountable. do you agree with this? hashem: of course. -- guest: of course. jerre bolsonaro encouraged and orchestrated by not accepting the election outcome. i think, and many forces in the united states have done the same thing around donald trump in

2021, but it would be a mistake to focus only on one individual. he has apical party. there are people in the opposing clinical party who have some support from. he's very close to the paramilitary and police forces and military itself and come as your last speaker said, it is a big business, big corporations have been funding the rebellions by the far right movements as well. it is much more deeply systemic within brazil, within the united states, germany and other countries as well and i think it would be a mistake to focus only on specific individuals. hashem: lula da silva said this is going to be his task -- unifying a divided nation. how can he achieve that when the country is more divided than ever? guest: i think it is a challenge that is not only going to last for years or eight years, it is a task for a generation to

accomplish and it's going to be very hard for lula to pacify the country in the context of very deep divisions along different lines. i think in the case of brazil in particular, race does not play as much a strong role as religion or class because what we saw on sunday, it was a revolution undertaken by the middle classes that have been disenfranchised over the last couple of decades in brazil. lula has directed most of the social policies so the middle class and evangelical christians in particular have felt out of this framework, out of this social protection network in brazil. in a way, and i agreed is systemic, many think bolsonaro spoke on behalf of those who have no voice under the workers party administration. it's going to be hard for lula

to reach out to these people. there are some moderate olson aro voters that can be co-opted were convinced lula might be a good option, but the most radical fringe of the bolsonaro movement, that is going to be a challenge for an entire generation of politicians to bring back into the system. hashem: since the very moment protesters started storming government buildings in brazil, people started to draw parallels between what happened there and what happened back in 2021 in the united states of america. was donald trump a factor in this particular case? guest: absolutely. what we are witnessing now is global trumpism where right-wingers now are attacking legitimate institutions and, by the way, it should not be a surprise. for the past years, we've had

this development of their radical social identity and under bush one, we had the conservatives and then the neoconservatives, then the tea party, then we get to trump where we see the most radical face of right-wingers in the united states. since trump managed to enter the white house, he gave right-wingers all over the world the hope that yes, right-wing politics matter and we should take action. and i think now, when they are not happy with the outcome of the ballots, what do they do? they are trying to destabilize the country and brazil is not going to be the last case study. we are looking at a dilemma of societies no longer living under the same umbrella. it doesn't matter whether you are an american or not but let

sub identity you are. we need the identities theory as a key to understand what is going on. hashem: this is an ever changing political landscape. 70 years ago, we were told the biggest threat to democracy was nazis and fascism, that it was communism. 30 years ago, we were told terrorism is the biggest threat to western democracy. can we say now the biggest threat exists -- existential threat in the west comes from within? guest: i think the far right and extreme white -- extreme right forces, some of which are fascist this tick, -- are fascist, are the biggest threat to democratic systems and they are gooding a support from a wide range of corporate forces, paramilitaries and political parties as well. i think we need to put it in an

economic context to. the exclusion of people in politics, the economic per carat he people live in, people are mobilizing on a racial, religious or ethnic or other basis and defining people very narrowly which is a source of division of people to mobilize himself for power. by doing that, they are not actually resolving any of the economic issues of middle-class and ordinary working people, they are dividing the people up so the big companies and big corporations and the real ruling elites can carry on with their programs of globalization, extreme inequality, billionaires having large amounts of economic financial and political power and trying to hold onto that. but the mass of ordinary people, including middle-class people are in very difficult conditions in europe, the united states, brazil, india and many other places. these cultural calls for

identity politics of an extremely narrow character around race, religion, or ethnicity are ways of dividing people and not solving any of their problems, but a large number of people have been mobilized behind those calls for many decades and that's a massive threat which, if you like, major forces have to take into account and deal with and i must admit the liberal establishment are not a very reliable ally in the fight against those far right or extremist forces and very rarely bring the ringleaders to these attempted insurrections and cues. hashem: before the sunday attack, gyro bolsonaro was facing for ongoing criminal probes. do you see this event as a turning point that could push the government to ask for

bolsonaro to be extradited to brazil? guest: i think it is possible, even though the incoming governor newman -- incumbent government of lula da silva has not made a move to ask for his extradition up until this point. i think the government fears if they try to bring bolsonaro back into brazil, this is going to stir even more violence in the streets because most bolsonaro supporters, especially those that have remained hard-core bolsonaro supporters, even after the defeat in the october elections, these groups tend to be very violent and will react very violently to any measure the government wants to take. i think in the spirit of pacifying the country, what president lula is going to do is to investigate the coup mongers

of sunday's attacks. they are going to find the financing networks behind him and most of them are elderly, middle-class people, sometimes very humble people that have been brainwashed by bolsonaro's narratives and misinformation campaigns on social media. i think the real issue here is who is behind these movements and whether these movements have transactions with the united states. of course he will be held responsible at the end of the day but i think it is going to take a while before the government tries to bring bolsonaro to trial in brazil because that's a very disruptive element of brazilian politics right now. hashem: it -- what is quite striking is in all these cases, you see an unprecedented level

of misinformation. people use social media platforms and send wrong messages to shape the public opinion and create a delusion of reality about what is happening in this pushes people to take action. this is scary because we thought technology would help us. technology can be dangerous. guest: it's not just technology but it is the magic of the narrative. we have two narratives that have collided. to respect the institutions that congress is a sacred institution and a counter narrative, which is trumpism in various manifestations, so these guys, a large number of americans, white -- right-wingers believe trump may come back in 2024. it is a golden myth growing in their heads they can take revenge and to stabilize the

nation and then pave the way for the return of their political savior. it is still a very powerful narrative and i think january may become, if we consider what happened in brazil, january becomes the month of the glory for this right wing movement. i think it is going to spread. hashem: the far right is gaining momentum in europe. do you think they would be tempted to pick the same playbook to advance their own political agenda or to force political change? guest: i think the extreme right, the far right and fascist right are insignificantly powerful positions within the european union and their countries. even if they are not necessarily in power. we saw through the pandemic many of the right wing forces and

their conspiracy theories about the vaccines and mobilizing around that becoming very violent as well. the narrative is there country, they are the real people, there country has been sold to the u.n. or the w.h.o. or for -- or foreigners or terrorists and they want their country back. that big lie is being peddled all the way through. they are empowered by it. the authorities are not going to be enough and my brazilian colleague says it's too provocative to arrest and extradite bolsonaro. the people in the united states and the democratic party said similar things about donald trump. but unless those ringleaders are brought to book and the people who helped organize it and how deep it goes into the systems of each country, without that, this will remain a major threat in the next decade or so. the other thing is these are

external issues as well because we have a war in ukraine and the threat of further war in taiwan and the mobilization as well. i think it is a very dangerous time. hashem: what do you think would be the next step for president lula, particularly given the fact that we know they are accusing the governor of brasilia for not being tough on the protesters. there is a great concern that the military establishment remains a key component and protesters say they would like to see the governor. guest: there are clear signs of complicity on behalf of the military and security forces, particularly in brasilia who have allowed protesters to break into the public buildings of congress, the supreme court and

presidential palace. one of the big challenges for lula right now is even though he leaves this whole situation a little stronger than he entered because his reaction was very swift, i think he will face challenges regarding two specific ministries which are the ministry of defense and the ministry of justice. the ministry of defense is responsible for controlling the military, the armed forces, they have fallen under civilian control. it was an attempt to vent the military from becoming political actors in brazil. we have a track record of military involvement that has led us into long-standing military dictatorships, so bolsonaro has empowered the military to become political actors all over again. lula will have to push the military back into their headquarters.

that is going to be difficult because the minister of defense is a well-known bolsonaro supporter who will enter that cabinet of lula because of party accommodations. of course, lula will have to deal with the state-based security forces. he had a meeting yesterday with 27 governors, all the 27 governors of brazil and apparently it was a positive meeting because he was able to convince these governors that they are responsible for controlling the security forces who tend to take sides with bolsonaro and turned a blind eye to made things that have happened in brazil. hashem: i really appreciate your insight. thank you. and thank you for watching. you can see the program any time by visiting our website anytime

and our facebook page. you can also join the conversation on twitter. for me and the entire team here in doha, goodbye. o;o;ó7ó7

- hey i'm valerie june. ming up on reel south . - [henrietta] the southern way of life was something sacred. do not question. do not doubt. close your mind, and believe what you're supposed to believe. - [valerie] in 1940, a young woman left sweet home alabama for the porta vida of costa rica. - [henrietta] i would be out there experiencing all kis of wonderful new things. ybody strange, anyby different. - [valerie] in a tale of romance and revolution. one woman on a quest for adventure finds herself in a true awakening.