♪ william: good evening. i'm william brangham. geoff bennett and amna nawaz are away. on the “newshour” tonight -- disgraced cryptocurrency mogul sam bankman-fried is sentenced to 25 years in prison for defrauding investors. then -- the sister of the american journalist jailed in russia for a year speaks out about his detention. >> we have no other choice. we have to keep going.

we have to stay positive, optimistic and i know we're going to get him home. william: and -- the legacy and impact of the late connecticut senator and vice presidential nominee joe lieberman. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour been provided by -- ♪ ♪ >> moving our economy for 160 years.

bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> the candida fund, committed to meaningful work through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. more at candidafund.org. >> carnegie corporation of new york, supporting democratic engagement and the advancement of international peace and security at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible

by the corporation for public broadcasting of the by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. stephanie: i'm stephanie sy with newshour west. here are the latest headlines. huge barges are carrying cranes to baltimore tonight to clear away the wreckage of the francis scott key bridge. officials say that has to happen before divers can locate the bodies of the 4 maintenance workers still missing. two others have been recovered. today, the collapsed bridge -- and the container ship that struck it -- still blocked access to the port. maryland's governor asked for $60 million dollars in federal funding to start the clean-up. >> the best minds in the world are coming together to collect the information that we need to move forward with speed and safety in our response to this collapse. government is working hand in hand with industry to investigate the area, to clear the wreck and to move the ship. stephanie: president biden has

pledged the federal government will cover the full cost of reconstruction. the u.n.'s top court ordered israel today to open more land crossings into gaza, to allow in more food, water, and other aid. the legally binding order arose from a south african lawsuit accusing israel of genocide. meanwhile, israeli air strikes in lebanon killed 16 people on wednesday. one israeli was killed by hezbollah rockets. it was the deadliest day in 5 months of border clashes. russian investigators have arrested a 12th suspect in the moscow concert attack and also claim today that the attackers were financed by ukrainian nationalists but gave no evidence. adamant opened fire and set up explosives at the site near moscow last friday. the building burned and one for three people died. the islamic state group claimed again today that it carried out the attack. russia used its veto today to end 14 years of the u.n. monitoring sanctions on north

korea's nuclear program. the russians insisted they haven't worked. the u.s. charged moscow is hiding its own violations of those sanctions, as it buys north korean weapons to use against ukraine. the vote in the security council would have extended the monitoring effort for another year. american diplomats vowed to press on. >> moscow has undermined the prospect of a peaceful diplomatic resolution of one of the world's most dangerous nuclear proliferation issues. russia, you silenced the panel of experts today, but you will never silence those of us who stand in support of the global nonproliferation regime. stephanie: the north korean sanctions themselves remain in place, but there will be no way to check how effective they are. russian president vladimir putin is warning the war in ukraine could expand, if f-16 fighter jets from the west get involved. putin spoke as he toured a helicopter base.

he said the jets won't change the situation on the battlefield and f-16s will be targeted even if they are located on the western airbases outside of ukraine. >> first, if they do supply f-16s, this will not change the situation on the battlefield. of course, if they are used from airfields in third countries, they become legitimate targets for us, wherever they might be located. stephanie: multiple countries have agreed to send the american-made jets to ukraine. 45 people were killed today after a bus in south africa plunged off a bridge. only an eight-year-old girl survived. the bus dropped more than 160 feet before bursting into flames. government officials said a search is ongoing, but many bodies are burned beyond recognition. the bus was carrying worshippers headed to an easter festival. back in this country -- former president trump attended the wake for a new york city policeman, as his campaign focuses on violent crime. mr. trump visited massapequa, new york, where services for officer jonathan diller took

place. he was fatally shot during a traffic stop this week. meanwhile, biden campaign officials say a fundraiser in new york tonight will take in a record $25 million. president biden traveled to the city today with former president obama. they'll be joined by former president clinton for tonight's event at radio city music hall. the federal government is changing how it categorizes race and ethnicity for the first time in 27 years. today's announcement says government forms will combine the categories into one question, with the option to check multiple boxes. a new middle eastern and north african category will also be added. the biden administration today reinstated certain rules to protect threatened species of plants and animals that had been rescinded by the trump administration. the regulations mandate blanket protections for newly classified species, and officials won't have to consider economic impacts when deciding if a species needs protection. still to come on the “newshour”

-- cuban musicians struggle to navigate constantly-shifting diplomatic relations with the u.s. a new book chronicles the long fight for women's economic empowerment. and major league baseball begins a new season with a controversy over uniforms. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios and washington, d.c. and in the west from the altar cronkite school of journalism at arizona state diversity. william: the former ftx cryptocurrency mobile sam bankman-fried was sentenced to 25 years and present today for what prosecutor said was one of the biggest financial crimes in u.s. history. a judge handed of the sentence after a jury this fall found sam bankman-fried guilty of seven different counts related to fraud and money laundering.

bankman-fried was found to have stolen at least a billion dollars from ftx customers and was ordered to pay $11 billion today. bankman-fried has said he would appeal. we are joined by david bellamy. thank you so much for being here. you were in the courtroom today when the sentence was handed down. i wonder what stood out to you the most from the judge's sentence. >> i think what i was struck by the most with some of the language that the judge used to kind of justified the length of the sentence. he didn't just say these were really serious crimes. he said that sam bankman fried had to go to prison for 25 years, because if he was let out any earlier he might commit more crimes. basically, there's this sense that he hasn't really expressed remorse for what happened. and you know, were he to get out. you know he might pitch a new company and try to commit a similar fraud to the one that brought down ftx. william: is this because all along bankman fried really hasn't expressed a great deal of remorse about this, which i know judges love to see.

>> yeah, i mean, it's complicated. he'll say that he's sorry about what happened and that he's apologized to customers has apologized to employees of ftx, but you know, he obviously challenged the charges against him. he's planning to appeal so he hasn't apologized for committing crimes because it remains his position that he hasn't committed any crimes. but that's certainly hurt him at the sentencing stage. william: for people who have not been following this as closely as you have, can you just remind us of the basic sort of flow of what happened here? how did ftx come crumbling down? >> sure, um, so just 18 months ago, sam blankman freed was a -- sam bankman-fried was a huge starn the business world. he ran a cryptocurrency exchange ftx, which was basically a platform where you could take your dollars and spend them to buy bitcoin or ether other cryptocurrencies and you can also store your crypto on the platform. so it kind of operated as a bank as well. and it became really popular as the crypto industry grew and grew. and then in november, 2022 there was essentially a run on a bank,

and that exposed a big age billion dollars -- $8 billion hole in the money that ftx was supposed to be holding on behalf of its customers. and that kind of kick started this series of events that kind of brought the whole edifice crashing down. william: and so those people who had quote unquote bank their money in his exchanges, they lost all the money. those are the victims in this case. >> those are sort of one subset of the victims. they're probably the largest subset. um, but the other victims, including, you know venture capital investors, who put in more than a billion dollars into ftx and also lenders who gave money to companies in bankman fried's empire. william: so the $11 billion that he's been ordered to pay. who is that? or where is that supposed to go? >> um, that's actually going to the u.s. government. that's not restitution.

that's going to victims. but really that number is kind of academic because bankman fried does not have $11 billion sitting around that he can just disperse to people. and really the root for recoveries for the customers of ftx is through the bankruptcy process. so you've got a team of lawyers that took over the exchange after it collapsed and have spent the last almost year and a half kind of cobbling together assets wherever they can find them to try to create a pool of funds that can be returned to the people who lost their money. william: but so far those people have not yet been made whole, but that is the hope and or expectation. >> that is the hope and the bankruptcy lawyers have said they're expecting to make customers whole. but what being made whole means is complicated. um, they will receive the dollar value of their holdings on the ftx platform. you know, as of november 2022 when the bankruptcy happened, so that doesn't account for the rapid, you know, surge in cryptocurrency prices over that period. so you know if you had one bitcoin on ftx, and it was worth

$20,000 in november, you'll get $20,000 back even though that bitcoin would be worth $70,000 today. william: i see. many people have seen this case is kind of a an overarching stain on cryptocurrency writ large. and i wonder, do you think that's fair and is that is actually what is happening, like does this say anything about cryptocurrency itself? or is this just about one person's potential crime here? >> i think there are specific characteristics of the crypto industry that sort of helped enable this fraud. you know, one sort of mechanism that sam bankman fried the kind of cover up some of his crimes was that he was kind of inventing new currencies, new digital currencies and then putting them up as collateral to borrow actual money from lenders. and so that's sort of a unique aspect of this kind of strange world of digital money that kind of helped enable the fraud. um, i think it's also the case that the crypto world has kind of attracted, you know, starts, you know the type of person

who's sort of inclined towards gambling. who wants to take lots of risks. and you know, that sort of says a lot about the culture of the industry. and it's part of what laid the foundation for this massive disaster. william: alright, david yaffe-bellany of the new york times, thank you so much. >> thanks for having me. ♪ william: one year ago, wall street journal reporter evan gershkovich was detained by russian police. he has been in detention ever since -- on espionage charges - an accusation that the u.s. and his employer strongly deny. nick schifrin has more about the efforts to free him. correspondent: last november the united states made russia and offer, a trade for two americans the u.s. labels wrongfully detained. depaul and evan gershkovich. the administration says it continues to try to find a deal that russia will accept. in the meantime they wait.

this week evan gershkovich appeared in court and a judge extent his detention. he is accused of acting on behalf of the u.s. government to collect state secrets, the first american journalist facing espionage charges and 35 years. the rest wrongly denies the allegations as lynn tracy said this week. >> the accusations are categorically untrue. they are not a different interpretation of certain senses. they are fiction. correspondent: evan gershkovich moved to russia to work for the moscow times. he loved his work and traveling to russia and has shown remarkable resilience, strength, and even good humor throughout this ordeal. i am now joined by his sister danielle and the publisher of the wall street journal and ceo of dow jones. welcome back to the newshour.

danielle, let me start with you. how was your brother doing? >> i am still amazed by him. he still is himself. i look at the court room footage and photos that i recognize all his mannerisms, and he writes me letters. we write letters to each other about once a week, and they are still full of humor. it is still my little brother. i know he worked incredibly hard to keep his spirits up. he has a very strict routine for himself. he reads, he writes, he meditates at works really hard to stay -- correspondent: to stay healthy. what has he managed to tell you about the conditions he faces? >> i know that he is in a small cell, and he gets about one hour exercise a day, and he is cut

off from his family, from his friends, from the world, and his job that he loved so much. correspondent: the conviction of the rate into russian courts is higher than 90%. is it possible for evan to receive a fair trial or will this release necessarily come from some kind of swap? >> i am afraid to conviction rate for espionage cases is even higher than that, so this trial as you heard the ambassador say just now, this is a fiction, and so the farcical performance that is taking place would not stop at pretrial detention. i assume that would continue through a trial as well if a trial indeed takes place, and we still hope something can happen before a trial would start. correspondent: do you refer to

evan as a hostage? you consider him a hostage of the russian government? >> absolutely, we are dealing with a department, the state department called the special presidential envoy of hostage affairs that is a quarterbacking that has so many efforts to release evan and that name says it all, but even beyond that designation by the government this is a hostage of fair -- affair. we have seen that confirmed again and again, just the transactional nature of how putin himself as a dress that this keeps underscoring that this is a game and evan is upon in a geopolitical play. correspondent: danielle, you are here in d.c. do you believe for the biden administration it is doing all that he can to release your brother? >> president biden made a

promise to our family. this is personal for him. she will do whatever it takes that we know the white house is taking this very seriously, and there was a team of experts working around the clock, but unfortunately it is an opaque case, so we have to have faith in the government and continue to keep the spotlight on evan sibling is not forgotten. correspondent: let me ask you about some of these know details -- some of those details. there has been a president swap on the table that he was offered to russia. putin has said he is open to agreement and the u.s. is trying to find an agreement. as the administration informed you about many efforts that it is still trying to make to get the swap done? >> we talk to the administration is often as we can, and they have been what accessible throughout this very long year.

and even this week, there was contact, and there will be ongoing contact, so we get updates on how to attempts at freeing evan evolve all the time , and this goes with ups and downs as with any complicated endeavor, and so we have come close at certain points, and we hope one of these days we can cross that threshold. if the administration has done a remarkable job of showing its engagement and it's a commitment and making a public commitment to danielle and her family, but ultimately this is a binary outcome. either evan is imprisoned or if he is free, so we cannot judge ourselves until we get to that

point of getting evan out of prison. correspondent: you said there were contacts this week. can you reveal any more details about those contacts? >> no, not specifically. by that i need to say there are irregular interactions, and they take a said regular intervals to make sure we can understand how we could to be helpful and that we understand that the government is indeed focused on evan, as it should be, not just with public commitments, but also with actions, and we have full faith that that will be seen through to its overly natural conclusion, which will be his release. correspondent: the journal does not have any one on the ground to russia. what do you think the impact of that is? >> it is the desire and impact from an autocratic regime that holds its own people in the truth and extreme disregard.

so there has been a very active, corrective discouragement of proper journalism for the better part of two decades that is only intensified in the past couple of years and has really reached a chris and joe -- reached a crescendo in the past year. there are two american journalists currently imprisoned there, and the signal is that the truth is dangerous to the putin regime, so do not try to offer the truth. correspondent: daniel let me hand it back to you. how are you doing? how was your family doing? >> i am sure you can imagine this is been a very difficult year for us filled with a lot of uncertainty, but whatever we are going through, i know that it is harder for evan, and we take so

much inspiration from his strength, and we have no other choice. we have to keep going, we have to stay positive and optimistic. i know we are going to get him home. correspondent: finally, what makes him a good journalist? >> i just have to smile, because it is my brother. i love them so much, into is just such a passionate, curious, driven person. he loves to travel, writing. all of these things came together and he realized this is his passion, and we are so proud that he got to do that. hope you can get back to it. correspondent: absolutely, we all do. thank you very much to you both. >> thank you so much. >> thank you so much. ♪ william: memories and condolences are pouring in for former senator joe lieberman,

the democrat turned independent who never shied away from bucking the party line. joe lieberman had a lengthy political history serving more than four decades in both his home state of connecticut as well as the nation's capital. he was also the first jewish candidate on a major party ticket when al gore chose him as his running mate. i am joined by one of his longtime friends and former colleagues, senator richard blumenthal, democrat of connecticut. i am very sorry for the loss of your friend. your careers follows the similar past from attorney general to the resident were usurped together. how would you like people to remember your friend and colleague? >> we had lives and families that intertwined, and i knew joe personally for more than 50

years, and we sometimes disagreed as friends to, but he was always affable and amiable even that our toughest disagreements, on the iraq war for example. that was key to his bipartisanship comic is reaching across the aisle, bringing people together and bridging gaps, so i think he should be remembered as a peacemaker, a consensus builder. someone who tried to reach across the aisle, as the saying goes. it tempers in the united states and it can flare, personalities can clash. joe was respected as someone who really worked with other people in a very serious but personable way. william: some people have been saying senator lieberman whether he was your political ally or not could change from

day-to-day, and that independence won him a great deal of praise as you are showering on him and some criticism. how did you view that trait? >> he was ferociously independent, a maverick, and he thought through positions, but he also listened. in my job as a u.s. senator and earlier as attorney general, i have said to people the most important thing i do is to listen, and joe was a great listener, and i will always remember him listening to me, but also to others. he recognizes that every person has a story, a point of view worth hearing, into him as a person of deep conscience and conviction, which led to his independence and his forging his own path on a lot of important issues, but he was also -- let's be blunt, a democrat on issues like gun violence prevention,

gay-rights, reproductive health care, civil rights, consumer protection, environmental values. he was at heart in many ways a democrat, even though he disagreed with us from time to time. william: some people have noted with his passing it seems to me there is very little space anymore for moderates like him. do you think for any of the young joe lieberman types out there that they would have a shot in american politics today? >> definitely, people are hungry for bipartisanship. they are really so desperate for folks in our position who want to get things done, which was joe's mission. how do we accomplish something? he accomplished with the intelligence community reform, ending the silos that prevented us from recognizing 9/11 before

it occurred. he built the department of homeland security and the modern intelligence community as we know it now that is probably saved us countless times from terrorist attacks as well as other law enforcement, and that is just one of his accomplishments, but he also had a very personal side, which is important in politics. i was talking to one of his former colleagues from louisiana, and he was telling me that he and joe formed the kosher cajun caucus, louisiana and kosher connecticut, and they would invite colleagues to meals that they took from the recipes that they each brought to the cajun kitchen, and it is just one tiny example of how we try to bring people together. william: in recent months

senator lieberman was helping lita for the -- helping lead efforts to find it candidate for no labels, this third-party idea. many people in your party felt that that effort if they found a candidate that could one for presidency would in essence make donald trump the next likely president and were very critical of that. do you share that belief, and did you ever talk with him about that? >> i spoke to joe principally about donald trump and what might happen if no labels cause the election of donald trump, which was a nightmare for him as it is for me, and joe opposed donald trump in 2016, he opposed donald trump in 2020. i believe he would have opposed donald trump in 2024 and

would've supported joe biden, and the reason is donald trump was in an anathema to all of those values and principles that joe lieberman holds dear. william: senator blumenthal, thank you so much for being here . >> thank you. ♪ william: the on again, off again diplomatic relations between the u.s. and cuba have made it much harder for cuban musicians to travel to the u.s. for this summer's music festivals. special correspondent mike cerre reports from havana for our arts and culture series, canvas. ♪ correspondent: since the broad-based success of the 1998, buena vista social club film and album celebrating cuban musicians -- ♪ there has been a succession of virtuoso, cuban musicians like roberto fonseca who have regularly played major music

festivals and venues throughout the u.s. >> the united states is a great and important, uh, platform for young musicians, you know. ♪ correspondent: but changes in u.s. visa procedures are making it more difficult for this current generation of cuban musicians like rodrigo garcia ameneiros and his wife tania haase solarzano. they've spent much of the past year trying to get visas to play at festivals and schools in the u.s. they've been invited to this year. >> we don't have a guarantee, and we are trying to, but, yes, it's hard to process. ♪ correspondent: like most cuban jazz musicians rodrigo and tania are classically trained graduates of cuba's national music schools they attended from elementary school through college. they've spent the majority of their lives preparing for professional music careers and joining the ranks of cuba's

world class musicians. ♪ >> eight, uh, years or ten, we start in the school, like a career. at that age you are not thinking in a career, but that yeah. opportunity, but also, uh, is like a responsibility. correspondent: during the last week of the trump administration in 2020, the u.s. shut down its embassy in havana, accusing cuba of state supported terrorism. since then, most cuban musicians now have to travel to a third country with a us embassy to apply for a visa. >> it's devastating. emotionally and otherwise. it's, the toll is at so many levels. correspondent: immigration attorney bill martinez helped get the original buena vista social club musicians into the u.s. for their celebrated carnegie hall debut in 1998. he continues helping them and

other cuban musicians work through their visa application nightmares. >> the big change is that administrative processing, which happens after the consular interviews is causing long delays and sometimes resulting in the cancellation of tours. correspondent: and is it predictable? do you know when you apply for a visa, how long it's going to take? >> you can never know. it's absolutely unpredictable. correspondent: at this year's annual havana international jazz festival held every january for showcasing cuban and other international artists, american music promoters were struggling to book cuban performers for their upcoming festivals due to visa issues. >> you have to have the visa in order to get the booking. it's like a double edge sword like which comes first the chicken or the egg. correspondent: kevin ball and lonnie smith represent jazz festivals in north carolina and texas. rodrigo's uncle and teacher pianist aldo lopez gavilan started playing major summer

music festivals like this one in napa valley in 2017, after the obama administration started normalizing relations and travel protocols with cuba. but most of them were reversed by his successor, and and the biden administration has done little to lift the new restrictions during an election year. >> if you call me tomorrow and tell me can you be in san francisco next week to work, of course not. we have to do it with a lot of time. correspondent: while they waited indefinitely for visas american , audiences could only see them perform in old havana's tourist restaurants, which have also been impacted by the added us restrictions on americans and foreigners traveling to cuba. there just paid in cash and meals, which have become even more valuable this year due to the government's latest round of

food price hikes and rationing. >> we know of cases of musicians going out of the country, not because they don't want to be here. because it's pretty hard to get a job. ♪ correspondent: most of the cast for last year's off-broadway musical revival of the buena vista social club film were cuban musicians who had previously left their country for professional reasons. according to the u.s. customs & border patrol, nearly a half a million cubans are believed to have migrated to the u.s. in just the last two years due to their declining economy. >> our proposal at this moment is to live here in cuba. and to go and just return at the end. i think that's about, love to the family to our home, and also to our country. ♪ correspondent: as headliners at this year's havana jazz festival, rodrigo's mother and tania's extended music family

joined them on stage to honor cuba's rich musical history and culture they are dedicated to preserving. >> this concert is about the history of the country and talking about laws. how we supper sometimes with immigration. it's a place to, to be happy and also to cry together it. >> we are always hoping that it will be better for all of us. >> i think, uh, that the restrictions just stop it the interchange between one and the other people. a lot of culture is being stopped. ♪ correspondent: after intensive lobbying by festival promoters and government officials on both sides of the process, rodrigo and tania received educational and cultural visas to salvage some of their american

invitations as long as they don't get paid to perform in the u.s. for the pbs newshour, mike cerre in havana, cuba. ♪ william: a new book by journalist josie cox charts the fight that women have waged to try and close the gender pay gap, and the many hurdles they faced in that struggle. “women, money, power: the rise and fall of economic equality” tells the story of the women who challenged the system. amna nawaz recently sat down with one of those women, and the book's author. correspondent: these days, 98-year-old anna mae krier is always on the move. often in her cherry red chevy pickup truck.

but her first big move it decades ago was from her small town in north dakota on a train to seattle, washington where the teen joined the workforce building b17 bombers during world war ii. the real-life “rosie the riveter” was inspiration for journalist josie cox's book, in which she writes about krier being paid just eighty-three cents an hour - half what the men made for the same job. >> i don't think it's fair, if you can do the job, the same as a man,why should you get paid less? i don't understand that and i fought that for quite a few years. correspondent: all these years later, when you look back at the role that you played, at the role that your sister played, your friends played in that crucial war effort. it's fair to say the u.s. could not have done what they did in the war without you. do you feel like you got the credit that you deserved? >> when the war was over, men came home to flags, flying flags, everything. they got all the benefits of the g.i. bill.they got to go back to school.they got everything.when --

correspondent: josie i want to bring you in here. help us understand the context of what mae was going through, what so many women were going through at that time, what did that war and that moment in time represent for women in that work, in the workforce? >> i mean, in a way, it was everything, because it was the first time that women in significant numbers had the opportunity, out of necessity, to come into the paid labor market. and i think it was the first time that women and men actually realized and had to admit, that many women were actually just as capable at doing all the jobs that had previously been reserved for men and had been the domain of men. correspondent: cox's book examines the many ways gender discrimination in america was long-enshrined into law and features the barrier-breaking work of civil rights activist and legal scholar, pauli murray. murray graduated as the only woman in her law school class at howard university and first coined the term “jane crow” to describe the misogyny she endured.

i think in some ways she was very ahead of her time. and then in other ways, she really, as a female and as a black female, did not have very many opportunities to really work in the kind of law firms that, were known and whose lawyers were used, you know, in major cases. correspondent: rosita stevens-holsey is murray's niece and on the board of the pauli murray center for history and social justice. she says the late supreme court justice ruth bader ginsburg turned to murray's legal theories to argue her own cases. and in murray's boundary-pushing life, she rejected gender norms and forged an intersectional approach to equality. >> she would do things i thought other people didn't do. for example, i've seen her smoke a cigarello, and i had never seen, in fact i've never seen anyone smoke a cigarello. and, i saw her puff on a pipe once or twice. correspondent: she really challenged gender norms. it was in the 1930s she was asking for hormone therapy. she was repeatedly denied by doctors , for pauli murray to be making those kinds of requests, challenging those kinds of norms at that time. how big a deal was that? >> it was a very big deal, but

often times the general public did not know that a lot of her challenge was directly with psychiatrist or doctors or psychologists in which he was trying to determine what she was feeling and what it meant, but when other people were just looking for civil rights for physically black men, she was already thinking, well, women are being treated like secondhand citizens, and she decided that women are actually needed the same kind of organizations, or laws that would protect them. correspondent: cox documents in her book how the signs of progress in the 1940's, followed by decades of legal steps like the equal pay act and title ix protections, have yet to translate into the equality they promised. the gender pay gap, for example, has narrowed, but still

persists. what is it about who we are or our culture and society that ends up wanting the force of those laws? why haven't they delivered on the promise that they carried? >> the way that i characterize it in the book is that i think of the law as this fishing nets with really big holes and the most egregious offenses, you know, firing a woman for getting pregnant, paying two people who are different genders, different amounts for doing the same work, all of those really egregious offenses get caught in these fishing nets, but everything else can slip through. and these things are still slipping through the cracks because they are so inextricably linked to culture and linked to the way that we think as a society. correspondent: josie, you talk a lot about child care in the book too. why is this one piece of it so crucial when you're talking about female economic empowerment? >> because women still are the default caregivers in america, in the societies in which we live.

and so as a result of that, there is still this very entrenched culture in this country that women, sort of the social security net that takes care of the child care peace. america has this approach were certain things are public utilities, and they are provided and they are accessible and they are available, and childcare is not one of them. correspondent: more than any other piece of the puzzle, because the childcare piece of it feel like if we can somehow fix that that would dramatically change the landscape? >> absolutely, it is a concrete, specific policy that can be introduced that would huge of the impact the gender pay gap, the female labor force participation, the ability for women not to have to make these decisions, these choices between professional fulfillment and personal fulfillment, between reaching their full academic potential into being a present and good parent. correspondent: you have multiple generations following in your

footsteps. what is it that you want to be different from them did you live through? >> i want people to be equal. i did not want them to superior. for years, the men have always had control of everything, and maybe not in your lifetime, but mine. i always think, my mother said the hand that rock the cradle rules the world. well, we got some work to do. correspondent: and krier's not nearly done. she heads to washington d.c. next month, to accept the congressional gold medal, the highest civilian honor and recognition for the work she and millions of other women did decades ago. today is opening day for major league baseball, and it comes after a spring training chock full of controversies and curiosities, among them, some very unpopular uniforms. economics correspondent paul solman has been pulling threads to bring us this report.

correspondent: major league baseball's controversial new uniforms, getting fans closer to players than the latter might have imagined. one widely circulated photo showed underwear through the new mesh pants. the reception's been harsh on the bottoms, and on the tops, which one player called papery on the other, like a knockoff jersey from t.j. maxx. philadelphia phillies shortstops trea turner, i know everyone hates them. and fans picked up the thread on social media. these are absolute trash, pure garbage as one user pretty. on the other hand, to designer isaac mizrahi. >> i find it kind of sexy, i gotta say. correspondent: no matter your opinion, says stephen nesbitt, who covers baseball for “the athletic.” >> the jerseys look pretty radically different it's more of a mesh feel in the jersey. when you talk to players, they say there's a certain feel you expect when you wear a major league uniform and it doesn't currently have that. correspondent: mlb commissioner

rob manfred, of course, defended the duds. >> they're designed to be performance where --w ear. they have been more tested than any jersey in any sport. >> players generally like the idea of something more breathable on a hot summer day. and so they might like it when it's 95 degrees out in oakland this summer, or in texas. but for spring training, at least it was a shock to players when they put on the uniform for the first time. correspondent: regardless, to this erstwhile baseball fan with grandkids who think the game, typically 2 hours and 40 minutes, of which just 18 minutes involves action, is a crashing bore, a game whose world series tv viewership, for example, is a mere one quarter what it was 50 years ago, the story's economic angle seemed, well, transparent, the new unis are an act of desperation to attract young people to a dying sport. so, was i right? >> around 25 or 26 teams actually have a positive operating income.

correspondent: out of 30, says sports economist andy zimbalist, though he does acknowledge. >> young people don't want to spend the time that us older folks always enjoyed spending to watch a baseball game. correspondent: but so then how can baseball be flourishing economically? >> well, the country has been flourishing economically. population has grown. incomes have grown. the number of large corporations that buy sponsorships to support major league baseball teams has grown. so i think that it's gotten pulled along with the tide. correspondent: in fact, as the game has taken pains to shorten itself, live attendance has actually gone up son. plus, says zimbalist -- >> baseball is able to use their monopoly leverage in the marketplace to get cities to offer higher and higher amounts so that instead of there being, you know, 20,000 people in an old ballpark paying $10 or $20 per seat, you have 30 or 40,000 people in the ballpark paying

$100 or $200 or $500, and also lots of sponsorship and signage all around the ballpark and catering services around the ballpark. correspondent: also, in recent years, with live sports the most popular thing on tv, broadcast rights have soared in price. >> and there is also the element with ohtani and yoshinobu yamamoto, his teammates now in los angeles who came over from japan. correspondent: again, baseball journalist nesbitt. >> they have the ability now to advertise themselves to an entire nation in japan. correspondent: and throughout east asia. baseball even played 4 spring training games in korea a few weeks ago. now japanese superstar shohei ohtani, a sort of latter-day babe ruth because he is both a prodigious home run hitter and pitcher, has been much in the news lately, first for the richest contract in sports history, $700 million over 10 years, and second, for a

gambling scandal involving so far just his longtime translator. but however it turns out, baseball has weathered betting scandals for more than a century, most famously the black socks world series fix of 1919, and survived. moreover, the legalization of sports gambling and mobile apps have enormous revenue potential. >> the opportunities to bet on baseball are enormous. correspondent: 162 games a year, 9 innings or more per game, some 20 odd to players to bet on, and look, says nesbitt -- >> if you can bet on the outcomes of plays or outcomes of player performance. maybe people care about games they wouldn't otherwise care about, baseball would love for that to happen. correspondent: okay, so if not economic desperation, or anything close to it, why the new uniforms, all designed by nike? >> i think it's an act of consumerism. the league believes it benefits from having a uniform supplier like nike, perhaps the biggest

game and the biggest name in the apparel industry. correspondent: and of course to uniforms, there are several versions of each, means new merchandise to hock. >> you see lots of new uniforms that the players are wearing and, and the players are wearing more uniforms, and fans will be buying presumably more uniforms. correspondent: but uniforms that even $100 or $200 apiece, how much money can they bring in? >> merchandise sales are a very small part of baseball's revenue picture. certainly less than 5%. but that doesn't mean that the owners aren't going after whatever bit of money that they can go after. baseball is trying to squeeze all the money out of the system that it can. correspondent: okay, but there's still the fact than fans have their knickers in a twist. >> baseball has positioned itself as america's pastime. and when you do that, that automatically, i think, sort of creates some boundaries that you cannot really cross. correspondent: longtime washington post fashion correspondent and critic-at-large robin givhan. >> you have nike, a company that is deeply embedded in the zeitgeistiness of what's going on and connecting with different

niche communities, and there is this element of fashion and style, which ended up leading these uniforms astray. as for designer mizrahi, “astray” may mean the fans and players find the sheerness a bit risque and think -- >> it's a little creepy. correspondent: do you find it creepy yourself? >> i personally think it's hilarious. i think it is funny, because i'm guessing that there are a lot of people who think it is a little creepy. correspondent: but he does think baseball made a mistake. >> maybe they should have considered all of this before they went and purchased so many thousands and thousands of yards of that textile. correspondent: for the pbs newshour, dressed old school, as always, paul solman. ♪ william: david miles jr.-- known as “the godfather of skate"-- has been the driving force

behind the roller skating scene in san francisco's bay area for decades. he runs what's called the "church of 8 wheels," a roller rink inside an old church. here, he gives his brief but spectacular take on the joys of skating. >> a lot of people take skating for granted. for me it is everything. it is my entire life. when you get that good james brown's on come on, you know? you are thinking about that beat, doing that step, crossovers and spins. you just do it according to what the beat says. ♪ the city of san francisco lets me do what i do. here i am the godfather of skating. i kind of did not really even find myself until i discovered stating -- skating. i grew up in kansas city, missouri. in kansas city, i was a bricklayer.

when i first came here, i didn't know not one person. it wasn't until i went to golden gate park that i fell in love with the city i always talk about it as, you know, the wizard of oz, the movie? dorothy's in the house is spinning around, everything's in black-and-white, right? and then they open the door and it is all full of color. people dancing in skating. ever since that day i've been out there promoting skating, representing a. the golden gate park skate patrol was basically formed because, you know we're talking 20, 25,000 roller skaters that would come out. it was overwhelming the infrastructure, basically. you need to bathrooms, food, everything when you have thousands of people gathering in a spot, so the recreation and parks department was going to ban roller skating in the park unless they were able to come up with a group of people who could handle the problems. when they came up with the idea of this roller patrol, i just happened to be there that day, this guy with a clipboard came by and started saying, “hey, you want to do all this?

" and they threw me in charge. ever since then, i got the group training, first aid, cpr. we became people that were a help, not just roller skaters. i see people talking about san francisco all the time as if it's dying, as if it's gone. san francisco's fantastic place. i've done things there i could never do anywhere. back in 2013, i met a guy that told me about this church that was empty, and i asked him, could we have a skate party there? the rest is kind of history. the church of eight wheels is really just a group of people that love skating. it's never the building, it's the people. we do our skating with a certain energy to it. all the problems of the world we all hear about, you go turn on the radio now, everything's bad. but there's a bubble over this thing where you go to escape that. when you look at what a church really is, it's a place where people congregate and they gather and they celebrate life. we just do it on skates. when you are around that, it is religion. my name is david miles jr. and this is my brief but spectacular

take on spreading roll-igion. william: you can watch more brief but spectacular videos at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm william brangham. on behalf of the entire newshour team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- ♪ the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of the newshour, including leonard and omer will find an did judy and peter bloom foundation. >> actually you do not need efficient to do most things in life. it is exciting to be part of a team driving the technology forward. i think that is the most rewarding thing. people who know know bdo. >> a law partner rediscovers her

grandma's trade and creates a trust to keep the craft alive. a raymond james financial advisor gets to know you, your passions, and the way you had to resort community. life well planned. >> the ford foundation, working with the visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. and friends of the newshour. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting added by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ >> this is pbs newshour west from weta studios and washington, d.c. and from our

bureau at the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. ♪ >>

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